Operators In C

Operators In C

An operator is a symbol that is used for performing certain operations like arithmetical, logical, relational, assignment, etc.

Types of Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary or Conditional Operators
• Logical Operator
• Misc Operator

Let's look each one by one with example

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Operation
+	addition
-	subtraction
*	multiplication
/	division
%	remainder after division

Code 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int a = 2,b = 2, r;
  r = a+b;
  printf("Addition: a+b = %d \n",r);
  r = a-b;
  printf("Subtraction: a-b = %d \n",r);
  r = a*b;
  printf("Multiplication: a*b = %d \n",r);
  r = a/b;
  printf("Division: a/b = %d \n",r);
  r = a%b;
  printf("Remainder: %d \n",r);
  r = ++a;
  printf("Increment the value of a by 1: %d \n",r);
  r = --b;
  printf("Decremented the value of b by 1: %d \n",r);
  return 0;
}

Output

Addition: a+b = 4 
Subtraction: a-b = 0 
Multiplication: a*b = 4 
Division: a/b = 1 
Remainder: 0 
Increment the value of a by 1: 3 
Decremented the value of b by 1: 1 

Relational Operators

Relational operator checks the relation between two operands, and return 1(true) or 0(false) based on the operator.

Operator	Operation	Example
==	Equal to	2 == 3 is evaluated to 0
>	Greater than	2 > 1 is evaluated to 1
<	Less than	2 < 1 is evaluated to 0
!=	Not equal to	2 != 1 is evaluated to 1
>=	Greater than or equal to	2 >= 2 is evaluated to 1
<=	Less than or equal to	2 <= 1 is evaluated to 0

Code

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int a = 2, b = 2;

  printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
  printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
  printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
  printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
  printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
  printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);

  return 0;
}

Output

2 == 2 is 1 
2 > 2 is 0 
2 < 2 is 0 
2 != 2 is 0 
2 >= 2 is 1 
2 <= 2 is 1 

Assignment Operators

Assignement operator assign value to a variable.

Operator	Example
=	a=b or b=a
+=	a += b or a = a+b
-=	a -=b or a = a-b
*=	a *= b or a = a*b
/=	a /= b or a = a/b
%=	a %= b or a = a%b

Code 

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int a = 2, result;
  result = a;
  printf("Value of result = %d\n", result);
  result += a;
  printf("Value of result = %d\n", result); 
  result -= a; 
  printf("Value of result = %d\n", result);
  result *= a;  
  printf("Value of result = %d\n", result);
  result /= a;
  printf("Value of result = %d\n", result);
  return 0;
}

Output

Value of result = 2
Value of result = 4
Value of result = 2
Value of result = 4
Value of result = 2

Bitwise Operators

In C language we get operators for bit operation between two variables.

Operator	Known As
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator
&	Binary AND Operator
^	Binary XOR Operator
|	Binary OR Operator

Code

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 2, b = 3, result = 0;         
result = a & b;     
printf("AND Operator of a and b is %d\n", result );
result = a ^ b;
printf("XOR Operator of a and b is %d\n", result );
result = ~a;
printf("Ones Complement Operator of a is %d\n", result );
result = a << 2;
printf("Left Shift Operator of a is %d\n", result );
result = a >> 2;
printf("Right Shift Operator of a is %d\n", result );
return 0;
}

Output

AND Operator of a and b is 2
XOR Operator of a and b is 1
Ones Complement Operator of a is -3
Left Shift Operator of a is 8
Right Shift Operator of a is 0

Ternary or Conditional Operators

It is used in decision making statements.

expression? statement1: statement2; 

It is a boolean expression, it can be either true or false.

If the expression returns true then statement1 will get executed.

If the expression returns false then statement2 will get executed.

Code

#include <stdio.h>  
int main()  
{  
int num=2;
(num>1)? (printf("It is greater than number 1!")) : (printf("It is less than number 1!"));
return 0;  
}

Output

It is greater than number 1!

Logical Operators

It is used in decision making. It returns 0(false) or 1(true).

Operator	What it does
&& (Logical AND)	True only if all conditions satisfy.
|| (Logical OR)	True only if either one condition satisfies.
! (Logical Not)	True only if the operand is 0.

Code

#include <stdio.h>  
  
int main ()  
{  
    int n = 2;  
    printf (" %d \n", (n == 2 && n >= 1));
    printf (" %d \n", (n >= 3 && n >= 0));  
    printf (" %d \n", (n == 2 && n >= 2));  
    printf (" %d \n", (n >= 1 && n <= 2));  
      
    return 0;  
} 

Output

 1 
 0 
 1
 1

Misc Operators

It includes operators like sizeof(), reference operator(&), pointer operator(*), etc

Operator	Example	What it does
sizeof	sizeof(a)	Returns the size occupied by the data type of the operand.
&	&a	Refers to the memory address where operand is stored.
*	*a	A pointer.

Code

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num = 10, *pointer;
pointer = &num;
printf("Memory address: %d\n",pointer);
return 0;
}

Output

Memory address: 6422216